Showing posts with label education. Show all posts
Showing posts with label education. Show all posts

Thursday, 15 September 2011

Apprendre La Photos

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apprendre la photos

Cri de Liberte

L’île de Rodrigues: plaidoyer pour l’autodétermination

Il y a trois siècles, on enleva hommes et femmes de leurs villages en Guinée. D’autres, au Sénégal, furent piégés et pris comme des bêtes et d’autres encore arrachés à leurs familles au Mozambique. Puis, il y avait ceux qui, à Madagascar, furent menés comme des troupeaux à bord des négriers et transportés sur l’Océan Indien jusqu’à notre partie du monde. Les infortunés qui ne moururent pas en route passèrent le reste de leur vie à travailler comme des bêtes de somme pour ceux qui les avaient audacieusement réduits à la servitude. Il ne reverraient jamais l’Afrique. Pour les autres pays du monde, ces malheureux individus représentent la face humaine d’une histoire sinistre qui s’en va pâlissant vers l’oubli, mais pour nous, Rodriguais, ils étaient bien plus; ils étaient nos arrières-arrières-grands-pères et grands-mères.

Perspective historique

Pour toucher au coeur de notre lutte contre la domination de Maurice, il faut passer en revue la chronologie rodriguaise. C’est une histoire qui est racontée de différentes manières. A vous de choisir entre la version du surveillant d’esclaves et les propres souvenirs de l’esclave; entre la thèse des cyniques qui considèrent la conquête du monde comme jus ad bellum et la réplique de ceux qui les contredisent. Avec le passage du temps, notre quête pour une vérité à demie effacée, ensevelie quelque part dans les dépouilles inertes du passé, parmi d’autres récits dilués et déformés, ne demande pas moins qu’un acte de foi.

Le nom de Rodrigues fut emprunté de façon éponyme à Diego Rodriguez, un marin portugais, dont la courte visite en 1528 annonçait la venue des Européens. Il existe des preuves que des mariniers chinois, des commerçants arabes et malais, et des pirates avaient fait escale à l’île dès le dixième siècle. On ne trouve aucune documentation conservée faisant mention d’une population indigène. En 1638, un conseil d’administration siégé à l’île avoisinante de la Réunion, régissait déjà Rodrigues en tant que domaine français. Rodrigues demeura une colonie française jusqu’à ce que les troupes britanniques prissent l’île d’assaut en 1809. Elle fut alors gouvernée comme territoire britannique à propre titre jusqu’au 30 mai 1814, lorsque son administration fut transferée à l’ île Maurice.

Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, trois cents effectifs de la petite population active de Rodrigues, mon père inclus, renforcèrent les forces britanniques à Tobruk et El Alamein. Cela ne nous empêcha pas d’être liés à l’île Maurice contre notre grès, livrés par les pouvoirs colonisateurs au gouvernement unitaire comme dans un mariage forcé. S’étant débarrassés de l’île Maurice, les Anglais à Rodrigues firent leurs valises, fusillèrent leurs chiens et déguerpirent.

En fait, laissés à la merci de nos nouveaux maîtres, nous payâmes pour les crimes des autres.

Notre histoire est celle d’une lutte prolongée et pénible contre des gouvernements successifs établis sans notre consentement: passant de l’état de possession française à celle de colonie française, pour devenir possession anglaise, puis dépendance de la colonie de Maurice, ensuite district de Maurice, et enfin aujourd’hui, territoire d’outremer de Maurice. La terminologie néocoloniale remplaça les étiquettes coloniales; les pouvoirs d’outremer cédèrent la place à des chefs non moins étrangers, mais pour notre peuple, l’engrenage désolant tourne toujours: Adieu l’esclavage! Bonjour l’esclavage!

Domination politique

Arrivé 1960, la décision de décoloniser Maurice et Rodrigues était déjà prise. Lorsque les négotiations et les pourparlers constitutionnels eurent lieu à Londres et à Maurice, en 1961, ‘65 et ‘67, les Rodriguais furent intentionnellement exclus. On cita comme prétexte l’absence de tout parti et de toute organisation politique.

A cette époque, le Parti Mauricien Social Démocrate, parti ultraconservateur, avait mené à Rodrigues une campagne électorale alarmiste, faisant grand cas des tensions ethniques.

Outre les promesses de liberté, Duval, le leader du PMSD, avait réussi à convaincre notre peuple que la retraite des Anglais entraînerait la descente du diable et son dam sur Rodrigues. Il n’est pas surprenant que 97% de Rodriguais, votant pour la première fois de leur vie en 1967, s’opposèrent à l’annexion à l’île Maurice. Malheureusement, la volonté explicite de notre peuple fut victime de l’urgent complot pour l’annexion de notre patrimoine.

Il faut préciser qu’en 1967, les Rodriguais n’eurent pas de choix entre l’indépendance et le colonialisme. Notre dilemne était plutôt de choisir entre la colonisation par les pouvoirs britanniques et l’occupation sous le joug du maître mauricien; sort qui rappelle celui de l’Indochine: occupation japonaise ou colonisation française.

Les Rodriguais ne souhaitaient pas plus vivre sous le joug britannique qu’ils ne sollicitaient une existence sous la botte mauricienne. Nous ne nous faisions pas non plus à l’idée de déraciner nos familles, d’abandonner les dépouilles de dix générations de nos ancêtres enterrés à Rodrigues, pour naviguer vers un pays étranger. Cependant, pendant ces journées de violences à Maurice, propres à figer le sang dans les veines, des gens mouraient dans la rue; nous craignions d’être nous-mêmes tabassés. La réalité de l’époque donnait le frisson. Plusieurs prirent la décision d’émigrer, abandonnant qui ses biens, qui sa maison et sa terre, pour s’enfuir au Canada, en Australie, en France, en Angleterre, en Afrique du Sud et à d’autres parties du monde. Beaucoup en sont encore touchés au vif.

En 1968, avant que l’encre ait séché sur la constitution unilatéralement ébauchée pour l’indépendance, dans une nuée de gaz lacrimogène, des policiers brandissant leur matraque tentèrent en vain de hisser le drapeau mauricien au sommet de Port Mathurin. C’est ainsi que, du jour au lendemain, les Rodriguais devinrent des citoyens mauriciens contre leur gré. Comme les Rodriguais continuaient à défier le pouvoir du nouveau gouvernement et étaient prêts à manifester par des émeutes contre la corruption on fit appel aux troupes britanniques pour étouffer le soulèvement.

Admettons qu’après le départ des Anglais en 1968, nos mains n’étaient pas coupées. N’empêche que Rodrigues fût réduite à un fief mauricien, où la marginalisation devint vite la norme institutionnelle. En comparaison avec les Mauriciens, nous nous trouvâmes vite face à un taux de chômage, un coût de la vie et une mortalité enfantine plus élevés, à un taux de scolarité primaire et d’alphabétisme et un niveau de vie plus bas. La discrimination, la domination et l’exclusion devinrent communes et flagrantes. Aujourd’hui même, la force majeure continue à étayer le statu quo.

En 1976, on créa un nouveau ministère chargé de s’occuper des affaires rodriguaises. Jusqu’à nos jours, seule un poignée de Rodriguais ‘modérés’ et aux ailes rognées a été cooptée à ce porte-feuille. Qui plus est, aucun Rodriguais n’a tenu ce poste au cours des dix dernières années, et rien n’indique que les choses vont changer dans un avenir proche. Les hommes politiques mauriciens nomment arbitrairement le ministre pour les affaires rodriguaises, tandis que les bureaucrates mauriciens, eux-mêmes choisis politiquement, régissent Rodrigues par procuration, sans égard pour la volonté de l’électorat.

En 1991, lorsque les Rodriguais eurent l’audace de demander plus de contrôle sur leur propre pays, on fit pour les apaiser le geste symbolique de créer un conseil régional d’administration. Des sympathisants et des laquais furent astucieusement triés, auxquels on permit de faire des recommandations sur les affaires locales. Cependant, lorsque le conseil, tout édenté qu’il fût, commença à provoquer la fierté nationaliste chez ceux qui montraient trop d’audace, il fut sommairement dissous en 1996.

En 2001, après une lutte longue et acharnée, l’argument pour l’autonomie du peuple rodriguais avec son ethnie particulière fut presenté pour la première fois. Finalement, 170 ans après l’abolition de l’esclavage, la possibilité apparut, bien que brièvement, d’une dévolution radicale du contrôle et de la politique centralisatrice de Maurice.

En 2002, avec beaucoup de fanfares, et après que des discoureurs propagandistes eussent déclamé leurs belles phrases les plus recherchées, et que les affamés de pouvoir et de gloire fussent pris en photo, vint l’autonomie. Le Conseil de l’île fut baptisé du titre d’Assemblée Régionale et les conseillers devinrent des commissaires. On construisit quelques batîments ici et là, quelques intendants prirent l’avion pour Maurice, contents d’aller s’asseoir sagement parmi les membres sans porte-feuille du gouvernment, et Rodriques fut frappé d’un fléau de caméléons. Voilà à peu près ce qui se passa.

Les ministres mauriciens continuèrent à microgérer nos affaires, nous laissant le privilège d’élire des laquais qui leur servaient de garçons de course, prêts à obéir à tous leur ordres. Le gouvernement national retint tous les pouvoirs législatifs et pratiquement tous les autres droits. A la fin, même ses partisans les plus fervents durent admettre que notre autonomie était un mirage.

Lorsque nous levons le voile sur l’élégant sophisme, nous voyons encore un peuple régi par un autre, non seulement sans son libre consentement mais nettement contre sa volonté. La loi sans partage existe encore à Rodrigues; on peut l’observer toute l’année à Port Mathurin, tendant ses muscles de poids lourd et se frappant la poitrine, tel un gorille. Au risque de d’avoir l’air d’enfoncer une porte ouverte, nous nous devons de répéter qu’on ne peut décrire comme autonomie la discrétion administrative limitée pas plus qu’on ne peut prendre un pourceau pour un éléphant.

L’héritage colonial de la dictature bureaucratique ne fut jamais démantelé à Rodrigues; il fut au contraire renforcé. Des fonctionnaires étrangers, agissant comme des seigneurs de la guerre, donnent les ordres et notre peuple obéit sans un mot. Le chef de police, le juge, le ministre pour les affaires rodriguaises, tous les plus hauts chefs de départements, tous les avocats, tous ceux qui font les règles, tous ceux qui gouvernent véritablement l’île de Rodrigues viennent de Maurice.

Lorsque notre patois créole, qui est imprimé au fond des expériences et des luttes de notre peuple, est méprisé dans notre Assemblée, lorsque 70% de notre peuple sont disqualifiés à la vie politique parce qu’ils ne parlent pas une langue qui leur est étrangère, lorsque les écoliers mal nourris, instruits à moitié, sont forcés d’apprendre trois langues, lorsqu’aucune littérature portant sur notre culture africaine ne fait partie du programme d’enseignement créé par d’autres à notre intention, lorsque nos enfants imitent les cultures, croyances, langues et traditions différentes des leurs à fin de retrouver leur amour propre, lorsqu’il est interdit à nos fonctionnaires, qui représentent 90% des plus intruits parmi nous, de prendre part à aucun discours politique, lorsque notre people parle d’indépendance à voix basse et en cachette par peur des espions de l’Etat, lorsque tout est contrôlé par des forces extérieures, il n’y aucune liberté, seulement la domination.

Les garanties constitutionnelles d’une vraie démocratie, de l’absence de classe dominante ou de citoyens de seconde classe, tout ceci semble bon pour tous excepté les Rodriguais. Le citoyen rodriguais est comme un être emprisonné, menottes aux poignets, dans un cauchemar de colère refoulée dont il ne peut se réveiller, témoin impotent de la mort de sa culture.

Maurice parle des droits de l’homme aux Nations Unies, voue sa solidarité avec le Comité de Développement de l’Afrique du Sud et avec l’Union Africaine, tout en retenant sa propre domination coloniale. Cette moralité à double face défie toute description.

L’autodétermination

Il a coulé beaucoup d’eau et de sang dans l’Océan Indien depuis la libération, du moins en principe, de nos frères et soeurs à Madagascar, en Inde, au Sri Lanka, aux îles Comores, en Afrique, aux Maldives, aux Seychelles et à Maurice des malheureuses chaînes du colonialisme. Pour nous Rodriguais, cependant, l’ignominie de l’occupation mauricienne continue à hanter notre vie quotidienne. Au 21e siècle, Rodrigues, un des derniers vestiges du colonialisme de la région, est devenu le malade de l’Océan Indien, branché en permanence à une infusion intraveineuse d’assistance sociale et toujours suppliant le kleptocrate étranger de le lacher.

Certains ont justifié l’intégration automatique de Rodrigues au sein du territoire indivisible de Maurice comme une conséquence naturelle de la décision britannique de cataloguer Rodrigues comme dépendance de cette colonie, propre à être administrée comme une partie de Maurice. Donc, tout démembrement de territoire avant l’indépendance aurait été contre la loi internationale. Si nous suivons cette logique, nous devons alors aussi reconnaître que tout régime imposé par les forces impériales lie les générations futures à perpétuité. Et si nous appliquions cette règle retrospectivement, nous pourrions citer les lois de 1936 de Mussolini comme prétexte pour miner éternellement la vie des Ethiopiens.

Lorsque Mad-Dog-Morgan était gouverneur de la Jamaïque, les pillages et les rapts étaient à l’ordre du jour. Bien entendu, lorsque le pirate fit sa sortie, les excès de son régime disparurent avec lui. C’est avec la baïonnette au bout du fusil que les Anglais eux-mêmes prirent Rodrigues des mains des Français; cependant, l’administration mise en place pendant leur règne fut annulée au moment même de leur départ.

Il n’y eut jamais de onzième commandement qui accordât aux Anglais le droit divin de léguer à perpétuité notre vie, nos terres et notre pays à l’île Maurice. Notre peuple n’a jamais été la propriété privée de quiconque; nous n’avons jamais été du bétail propre à être passé des mains d’un propriétaire à l’autre.

Le gouvernement unitaire fait partie de la politique coloniale britannique. Conséquemment, en dépit des tensions latentes entre les diverses populations ethniques et géographiques, bien des territoires ont été fusionnés en états unitaires. Comme exemple, la Nouvelle Zélande fut administrée en tant qu’une colonie de New South Wales; les Antilles furent groupées bon gré malgré en un seul territoire; les Seychelles furent gouvernées comme partie intégrale de l’île Maurice. Les Anglais rêvaient même de grouper toutes leur colonies de l’Afrique de l’est en une fédération. C’est par le véto généreux des leaders indiens que la Birmante fut épargnée le sort d’être administrée en tant que territoire de l’Inde. Malheureusement, les Rodriguais n’avaient ni un Ghandi, ni un Jinnah, ou un Nehru; le destin nous avait fait don d’un Duval, d’un surcroît de démagogie et de trahison. La simple vérité, si dure qu’elle soit à digérer, est qu’à la fin du régime colonial, Rodrigues avait une population, que l’île appartenait à cette population et n’était pas une terre vierge propre à accaparée par le tout venant. Le 12 mars 1968 aurait dû être un jour de fierté pour deux îles s’engageant côte-à-côte en libre association, toutes deux célébrant leur liberté. Hélas, on éprouva de la fierté d’un côté de l’Océan Indien et l’humiliation de l’autre. Au sombre anniversaire de ce triste événement, certains Rodriguais observent encore une minute de silence … et se souviennent.



Le défaut dans l’argument contre le démembrement est qu’il est basé sur la fausse prémisse que Rodrigues était une possession légitime de Maurice avant l’indépendance. Tel ne fut jamais le cas. L'île Maurice n’a jamais découvert Rodrigues comme terra nullius; elle n’a jamais conquis Rodrigues; les Anglais n’ont pas saisi Rodrigues des mains des Français en 1814 dans le but de la céder à Maurice; les Rodriguais n’ont jamais abandonné leur souveraineté et leur intégrité territoriale en faveur d’une Pax Mauritiana. De plus, la nation rodriguaise n’a jamais consenti à faire partie de l’île Maurice ou d’être gouvernée par elle. Comment effacer la propagande promue par l’Etat, sans cesse répétée par les écoliers et imprégnée dans leur cerveau? La vérité non tarnie est que Rodrigues faisait partie de l’Empire Britannique jusqu’en 1968; de nos jours, Rodrigues est un pays annexé et sous occupation. Rodrigues n’est pas plus un territoire de Maurice que le Bostwana un district de l’Inde.

Que la Grande Bretagne fît don de Rodrigues à Maurice en 1968, tout comme elle offrit l’Erythrée à l’Ethiopie, ou que Maurice se l’annexât de façon opportuniste, telle n’est pas la question. Quelle que fût la complicité ou le commerce, dont nous fumes bien entendu exclus, entre la Grande Bretagne et son ministre pour les affaires coloniales fut un acte illégal et immoral. C’est le geste d’un pirate qui, à son départ, récompense son esclave en lui faisant don à son tour de son propre esclave.

Ce fut un acte effronté, par lequel les intérêts d’un pays furent sacrifiés aux ambitions territoriales d’un autre. Maurice ajouta 130.000 miles de notre zone économique exclusive à son territoire, et notre peuple perdit sa patrie et sa dignité. Le Royaume-Uni, Maurice et la communauté internationale le comprennent très bien, comme moi, comme vous, comme nous tous – c’était répréhensible à l’époque; ce l’est encore aujourd’hui!

En 1968, on n’aurait jamais dû évoquer notre manque de maturité économique et politique comme prétexte pour nous priver de notre indépendance. Maurice aurait dû avoir sa propre indépendance tout comme la Rhodésie du Nord. Rodrigues aurait dû être placé sous la protection du Conseil de Tutelle des Nations Unies, comme un territoire non autonome. Une commission pan-africaine ou un comité spécial des Nations Unies pour l’autodétermination aurait pu alors créer un projet à long terme pour notre indépendance.



Sous une constitution établie d’un commun accord et comportant une échappatoire, nous aurions même maintenu une libre association avec Maurice, au lieu d’être perpétuellement emprisonnés dans l’abomination actuelle, désignée par l’euphémisme d’autonomie.

Si les dettes historiques sont payées, même en partie, et si les responsabilités légales, ou tout au moins morales, abrogées en 1968, sont restituées, les injustices du passé peuvent être réparées, même tardivement. Nous gardons cet espoir.

Notre destin n’est pas d’être gouverné à perpétuité par d’autres peuples. Dans le passé nous ne nous sommes pas résignés à l’administration coloniale imposée par la France; nous ne l’avons pas acceptée de la part des Anglais; et nous ne l’accepterons jamais de Maurice.

Une ethnie diluée

La majorité des 1,3 millions de ressortissants mauriciens sont descendants de coolies transportés, pour la plupart, d’Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Bihar et Uttar Pradesh par les Anglais pour combler la pénurie de main-d’oeuvre sur les champs de canne à sucre, tandis que 95% de la population rodriguaise forte de 40.000, sont descendants directs d’esclaves africains. En d’autres mots, quand il s’agit d’identité, il y a autant de différence entre le peuple Rodriguais et le peuple Mauricien qu’entre, par exemple, Kenyans et Mexicains.

Les Rodriguais ne sont pas une population indigène ou une minorité ethnique en quête d’une autonomie interne réalisée par étapes; nous sommes un peuple distinct, poussé par le fervent désir d’un avenir d’autodétermination. Notre argument pour une souveraineté entière est des plus forts. Qui plus est, nous ne pouvons jamais céder notre patrie; nos ancêtres ont payé trop cher pour elle!

Jusqu’à récemment, la modeste capacité de Rodrigues, soit approximativement 50,000 habitants, et son éloignement géographique ont pu, dans une certaine mesure, préserver son identité culturelle. Cependant, au cours des récentes années, un nombre croissant de Mauriciens sont venus s’installer sur les terres domaniales de Rodrigues. Si cette tendance (ou politique du gouvernement) persiste, la certitude mathématique est que nous serons réduits à une minorité moribonde. Si on mélange 30 bouteilles de bière et une bouteille de limonade, la limonade disparaît.

Notre culture, nos moeurs, notre langue et notre mode de vie disparus, notre identité sociale perdue et notre cri de souveraineté étouffé, nous serions réduits à l’état de demi-esclavage et de serfs subjugués, relégués au bas de l’échelle sociale de Maurice. Le peuple rodriguais, jadis si fier, serait réduit à une bande hétéroclite d’intouchables, chapeaux de paille sous le bras, faisant des courbettes dans le demimonde des ghettos mauriciens ou n’ayant d’autre qu’une maigre subsistence sur les flancs de nos montagnes. Plus jamais nous n’oserions espérer être autre que la moitié de notre propre valeur, un peuple à la manque, toujours luttant pour rattraper les autres cultures. Nous serions un peuple inerte. C’est un défi existentiel qui s’adresse à tous les Rodriguais. Si nous n’y faisons pas face, nous finirons sans aucun doute comme le dodo. Ce n’est pas que j’y croie; j’en suis certain.

Conclusion

Le mauvais choix du prénom de Rodrigues (fils de Rodrigo), commun au Portugal, fut fait pour nous par d’anciens maîtres pendant une période funeste. S’ils avaient à porter ce nom pour toujours, même la fraternité des gobelins, des gnomes et des gremlins armeraient leur AK47. Plaisanteries à part, ce nom est un vieux relique, fossilisé dans une autre ère, nettement éloigné de l’âme de notre peuple et incompatible avec elle. Ajoutons à ceci les images sanglantes que le nom évoque de la brutalité des Portugais dans cette région. Il est grand temps que notre génération rende ce nom à l’histoire; c’est là qu’il appartient.
Nous avons perdu un pays, on piétine sur notre corps politique; la puanteur de l’humiliation envahit l’atmosphère; l’amnésie culturelle est manifeste et pourtant une petite clique de marionnettes gonflées et d’Oncle Tom d’aujourd’hui, ‘bien assimilés’, nous prêche encore le consentement à la domination impériale. Des étrangers au delà de nos rives, que nous ne pouvons ni élire ni déplacer, déterminent nos systèmes et nos bornes électoraux, nos lois, nos impôt, nos tarifs, notre service de santé publique, notre systême d’éducation, nos politiques étrangère et économique. Des étrangers décident de l’avenir de nos enfants. Des étrangers décident! Depuis presque 300 ans, des étrangers ont tout décidé. Il est temps que ce soit nous qui décidions! Car nous aussi avons un cerveau et une échine. Oui, c’est vrai! Nous aussi avons nos propres ambitions et nos propres espoirs. Le moment est venu pour couper le cordon ombilical, d’agir résolument pour mettre fin à notre dépendence des autres, de croire que si nous réduisons notre consommation et travaillons dur, l’indépendance économique et politique n’est pas seulement possible mais aussi souhaitable.

Il n’est plus le moment de se fier à des idées reçues, des concepts et des systèmes qui ont contribué à notre état de subordination. Il est temps d’explorer d’autres possibilités et d’autres stratégies, voire même d’en inventer de nouvelles, mieux adaptées à nos circonstances. Il est l’heure de cesser d’imiter les autres et d’avoir confiance en nos propres capacités, en notre valeur intrinsèque.

Le peuple rodriguais est une race tenace. Je l’affirme parce que, à l’encontre de l’opinion populaire, c’est lui qui a travaillé la terre, pêché en mer et, élevé le bétail pour soutenir cette modeste économie, et depuis des générations. Nous l’avons fait dans le passé, nous le faisons aujourd’hui, et nous pouvons encore le faire – et même mieux qu’avant.

Nous avons assez d’entendre dire que nous sommes une population trop pauvre, trop faible, pas encore prête. Ce sont de vieilles rengaines qu’on nous a chantées trop souvent, faisant appel à notre patience pour mieux nous entraver plutôt que nous libérer. Heureusement que les peuples subjugués du monde entier n’en ont pas été dupes, sinon la plupart des îles des Caraïbes et des Océans Indien, Atlantique et Pacifique, une partie de l’Afrique et l’Asie, et peut-être même la moitié de la planète seraient encore de nos jours sous quelque forme de régime colonial. Tout compte fait, quels sont le taux de population et la puissance économique requis pour qu’un pays ait droit à sa liberté? Qui en est le juge? Nos leaders doivent rétablir un dialogue avec les pauvres et les indigents de notre pays, restaurer les liens avec nos frères en Afrique, rassembler notre people depuis sa base et revendiquer ce qu’ils nous ont volé en 1968, c’est-à-dire notre patrimoine.

Ne nous laissons pas décourager par l’indifférence du McMonde avec sa mentalité de la jungle; n’hésitons pas, armons-nous de courage et réclamons l’indépendance. Parlons-en fièrement et à haute voix dans toutes les maisons, dans toutes les églises, toutes les foires, à tous les ports de pêche, sur toutes les fermes, au coin de toutes les rues, dans tous les autobus, et où que les nôtres se rencontrent et quelle que soit l’heure. Notre tâche demandera des sacrifices, mais si aujourd’hui nous abandonnons notre lutte pour l’indépendance, nous condamnons nos enfants à encore trois siècles de domination étrangère. Le choix est sans ambiguïté: la lutte ou la servitude perpétuelle.



Ils se sont servis de notre peuple comme cobaye pour des expérimentations sociales les plus inhumaines. Pour citer les paroles poignantes du poète martiniquais, Aimé Césaire: «Ils nous comptaient les dents, ils nous marquaient au fer chaud et ils nous passaient au cou le collier du sobriquet.» Nous avons été les malheureux sujets de la séquence monstrueuse partant de l’esclavage au colonialisme, au néo-colonialisme et enfin à l’oeuvre civilisatrice des missionnaires. Malgré le traitement inhumain, l’avilissement et l’indignité, malgré la perte de nos fiers noms africains, de notre identité propre, de nos vêtements africains traditionnels, nos croyances et nos relations avec nos semblables en Afrique, nous avons déjà pardonné pour nous tourner vers l’avenir. La domination perpétuelle n’est pas le but vers lequel nous voulons mener nos enfants. En d’autres mots, comme le Pape Jean Paul II disait toujours aux peuples vivant sous l’occupation d’autres peoples: «Vous n’êtes pas ce qu’ils disent; permettez-moi de vous rappeler qui vous êtes vraiment.»

La période d’apprentissage par laquelle notre peuple est passé a assez duré. Il est temps que nous soyons libres. Le moment est venu pour nous de sortir de l’abîme de la servitude et de voir le monde de nos propres yeux. Comme héritiers à part égale de cette planète, c’est notre droit inaliénable de determiner nous-mêmes notre avenir. Exerçons ce droit et réclamons notre héritage au sein de la famille humaine.

Vive Rodrigues … Libre

Alain L’évêque
Le 8 avril 2008


About the Author

Alain Leveque is a writer living in Melbourne Australia who promotes the self-determination of the people of Rodrigues island.



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Thursday, 31 March 2011

Digital Photography Courses In London

London CapsuleLondon Capsule (Photo credit: @Doug88888)

Digital Photography Courses London

London is a preferred place to learn photography. Londoners have an eye for good photographs and appreciate visual superiority. To make it a double whammy, some of the best studios where aspiring photographers can learn the art are located in London. So that invariably doubles the expectations of people living in this part of the world. They want to see good photographs and for that, good photographers have to come to the Mecca of photography where they master the art.

Digital photography courses are taught well and in huge numbers in London. Also, there are many types that these studios encourage students to specialize in. Marriage photography, portrait photography, wildlife photography, aerial photography, underwater photography etc. are some of the various specializations which students major in. For every digital photography course, the students train hard. In fact, they train with the best of equipment. These photography courses in London are designed by professionals, experts, veterans of photography and aficionados credited highly as experts in the art. They are designed keeping modern photography practices in the loop and are made to suit and enhance the repertoire of the photographer.

The photography courses in London do not come cheap. They are a tad too expensive. But the investment is worth. The photographer training in a good studio with requisite infrastructure is one of the most qualified and well billed photographers in town and is expected to do well. Assignments from the domain he specializes in start pouring in within no time with the initial curiosity arising to see the potential in him. Every digital photography course graduate has to be given some credit for training well and making a robust portfolio finding takers.

Some of the finest trainers come to train in various divisions in these studios located in London. They are experts in their fields and take up part time teaching assignments to come and share their experiences with aspiring and budding photographers. They do it so that the tradition of photography is upheld and the quality in it retained. In fact, it is only taken ahead to the next step. The trainers also accompany photographers to sites where the apprentices get to learn and imbibe from the masters. The effort is worth it because no training can substitute or compensate for onsite training where the real action happens.

The <a href="http://www.photographymadesimple.co.uk/">digital photography courses</a> in London demonstrate why the place is listed as the best venue in the world to learn photography. Training in London based institutes promises photography aspirants of rollicking careers. They get to learn how to work on portfolios, the raw craftiness gets a solid polishing and most importantly, they train under the best and hence are appreciated and thought about highly wherever they go for employment. This ensures them of a smooth start. Work comes tidily and struggle is minimal. After that, the distance they cover in their careers all depends on their skill, their ability to innovate and the raw smarts they have.But one thing never deserts them all their life, the pedigree of having learnt photography under the best.

About the Author

Photography Made Simple Provides <a href="http://www.photographymadesimple.co.uk/">photography courses London</a> at beautiful locations in England, Scotland and Wales, digital photography course, photography courses London.


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Saturday, 5 February 2011

Photography Courses In London

1
photography courses in london

Professional Music Photography: It's never too late to start

If Mick Jagger and Keith Richards aren't living proof that you're never too old to rock and roll, perhaps we should turn to the example led by legendary star snapper Joe Bangay.

Although he'd cut his teeth as a young photographer for The Daily Express on Fleet Street, it wasn't until he'd reached the grand old age of 50, that Joe was given his first music assignment.

Finding himself staring through his telephoto lens at Status Quo in the front row of London's renowned Hammersmith Odeon, he was thrown into the visually and sonically stimulating world of live rock music. He knew instantly that he'd found his niche.

From that moment on, he began applying his newsman's instinct to the task of tracking down rising stars and capturing the last relaxed and unguarded moments of artists poised on the brink of public ownership. As Joe's own fame within the industry grew, he glitterati's inner circle – entrusted with the task of documenting the dynamism and flamboyance of the 70s and 80s with his intimate portraits and breathtaking live shots of icons like Madonna, Freddie Mercury, Kate Bush and Bono. He even scored an invitation to photograph Margaret Thatcher making tea in her kitchen.  

Over the course of his career, Joe Bangay has amassed an extraordinary collection of iconic portraits and live action performance shots of some of the greatest faces in music, film, television, theatre, sport, ballet and politics.

Now in his 80s, he is undoubtedly the world's oldest working rock and roll photographer and a true inspiration for those of us who thought we were too long in the tooth to follow our dream.

Get started on a career in the arts, visit artshub.co.uk


About the Author

Gillian Bartlett is a freelance writer, working across film, television and the arts.



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Tuesday, 1 February 2011

Digital Photography Syllabus

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digital photography syllabus
Syllabus for Digital Photography Course?

I am planning to teach an introductory and advanced digital photography class in the spring at the High School and Adult levels. Students will have some cameras (both SLR and “point and shoot) as well as PhotoShop CS available to them. Each course will be for 18 weeks with meetings of 110 minutes every other day.

I need a complete syllabus and course of study outline that should include goals, objectives, activities and performance indicators. A recommended text book and reference material would also be helpful.
I have taught photography for 32 years and wrote the curriculum for traditional photography for the state rubric in 1987. I am a firm believer in uniform "standards" so what students are being taught at one school can used by other schools as a guide to the students abilities. I am asking for specific curriculum, not philosophy here as I everyone has their opinion.


Wow, you're asking for a lot there. This will involve you taking on the burden of research and analysis.

I was able to track down the links to a syllabus page from my college (SAC). It's going to take you hours and hours to research it and compile your own, but the following link should prove extremely helpful to you.

http://www.accd.edu/sac/j-p/mainsyllabipage.html

I've taken many photography and photojournalism courses at San Antonio College, and found them all to be very helpful.

Good luck.

20+years as pro shooter.
http://lamplightphoto.com


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Tuesday, 18 January 2011

Digital Photography Courses Essex

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digital photography courses essex

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Tuesday, 11 January 2011

Digital Photography Training Courses

1
digital photography training courses
What would qualify a person interested in becoming a photographer for a Portrait studio at JC Penney, Sears?

What would qualify a person interested in becoming a photographer for a Portrait studio at JC Penney, Sears? Would the store ask for sample photos or some experience in photography? I actually visited the JC Penney Portrait studio website, and it seems that this store trains the hired person to become a portrait photographer at the its studio department.

I only took a couple of short-term courses in digital photography, both beginning and intermediate. I know that this company is also looking for applicants who like to work with people, particularly kids. I'd like to test the waters, since I like photography but haven't really tried this before.

I want to try something different and think I need to have another part time job. I'm in school now, but I haven't been accepted to the health program I applied to for the Fall sem so I may have to wait next year to re-apply.

Please advice!
Thanks.


Good answers already. Yes, these places really have nothing to do with photography. It is photography in only the purest technical sense, but not in any artistic or individual creative way. The "portrait studio" area is no different than the lawn mower area, or the mens clothes area, or where they sell washing machines. An employee is taught how to push a few buttons on the cheap equipment and try to upsell the customers into buying as many of the equally cheap quality prints. Having photography experience means nothing in such a job, and as already said, would probably be a hindrance. It is an assembly line "picture taking" operation that has nothing to do with a person's photographic skill, knowledge, art, or creativity. Do it if you want.... hey... money is money, but don't expect to be able to in later years use experience at Sears "portrait studio" on a resume to try to enter into any true photographic work. You would be laughed at behind your back. Think of it as just a job, not much different than flipping burgers at McDonalds.

steve


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Friday, 26 November 2010

Digital Photography Institute

1
digital photography institute

7 Best Online Institutions For Photography That Can Change Your Career

Online institutions for photography are great options for professional and amateur photographers who want to improve their photography skills. Compared to the conventional photography institutions, online schools have various benefits from lower fee structure to efficient time utilization. Our busy schedule today, does not allow everyone to regularly attend a regular classroom program but it is easy for anyone to regularly attend an online photography course. Since the materials can be downloaded and learnt at your own convenience, you can learn during your spare time and weekends.

7 best online institutions that you should consider are:

1. AS in Digital Photography, International Academy of Design and Technology- For photography beginners, this is probably the best online course because it covers a large range of topics from composition to lighting techniques at a beginner level.

2. Photojournalism Program, Boston University- Boston University is a renowned university in United States. When the university officials realized the potential of internet as a great resource for educating students, they came up with a number of fascinating online courses and their department of photography is one among them. The faculty includes professional photographers who have won several prestigious awards and worked with prestigious institutions.

3. BFA in Visual Communication, American Intercontinental University- BFA program from AIU is dealing with the artistic side of photography. However, this program also provides very good insight to various photography equipment, photography techniques and the scientific aspects of photography.

4. BFA in Photography, Pratt Institute- The photography program from Pratt Institute covers various aspects of photography including the history, color and studio lighting. The program has eight semesters.

5. BFA in Photography, Savannah College of Arts and Design- If you are photographer with a strong passion for art, this program works best for you. The introductory classes include drawing and painting sessions to provide you a better insight to colors. MFA in Photography, Savannah College of Arts and Design is one of the best courses for professional photographers and students who want to learn the commercial aspects of photography. The MFA program covers marketing and sales as well as digital photography.

6. BFA in Photography, Academy of Art- The San Francisco based institute is well known for their cutting edge art courses and this course is no exception. You will learn about working with clients, organizing portfolios, studio tools and lighting. They also offer an MFA program.

7. Visual Journalism, Brooks Institute- The Visual Journalism program from Brooks is the best option for those who are looking for a specialized photography degree. Be it fashion, advertising or industrial photography, the institute has tailor made courses that suits you the best. This course can be the best choice for amateur photographers who want to learn about a particular niche and for professionals who are planning to expand their career to one more niche.

There is no doubt that these schools have at least one course to offer that will be quite appropriate for you.


About the Author

Tobias is an IT-Specialist and editor of http://www.best-photography-courses.com - an information portal with tips and suggestions for photography courses and photography schools. Further information can be found at http://www.best-photography-courses.com/online-photography-schools.html.



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Monday, 11 October 2010

Cursos De Fotografia Profesional

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cursos de fotografia profesional

Consejos básicos para ser un buen fotógrafo profesional









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Saturday, 18 September 2010

Digital Photography Lesson Plans

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digital photography lesson plans

Important Stock Research - A Lesson From Eastman Kodak

It's simply amazing that ten years into the digital revolution, Eastman Kodak is trying to figure out what business they are in. For decades Kodak dominated the chemically based photographic process. You shoot a roll of film, and then you physically took the roll to a developer, and made a second trip to pick up the finished prints. Their only competition in the industry was the Japanese company, Fuji. The upstart would just eat away each year at Kodak's market, but never becoming a real threat to Kodak's dominance.

Meanwhile from outside the industry, Polaroid back in the late 1950's invented a camera where the chemical based development of the pictures took place inside the camera. The picture was ready in about 60 seconds. Polaroid developed a wonderful business and made a fortune for both its shareholders and its genius creator, Dr. Edwin Land.

What happened next was a business disaster, and Kodak should have learned from Polaroid's mistakes. Dr. Land came up with a moving picture development system. They poured hundreds of millions of dollars into a chemically based system. It would allow users to take moving pictures. The movies would be developed chemically inside the camera system, the same as the still picture system then utilized.

What Polaroid not only didn't plan for, but couldn't even imagine was that a disruptive technology would be created from another industry that would basically destroy Polaroid's business model. Japan would create digital photography. The first Japanese VHS and Betamax camera systems became available. The electronic based technology made so much more sense than Polaroid chemically based system. It forced Polaroid to shut down its movie system products. It also resulted in the immediate write off of hundreds of millions of dollars (equivalent to billions today) that it would never recoup.

Now I ask you, Kodak was in the business, we know that. They saw what this new technology did to Polaroid OVERNIGHT. Couldn't they imagine that it could happen to them? The answer is apparently not. The management team at Eastman Kodak has been brain dead for at least 20 years. The management team and the Board of Directors should have been dismissed more than a decade ago for gross incompetence. They took a magnificent cash generating machine, and allowed it to turn into a boring, mundane second class company.

They simply chose to ignore what was coming, and what was coming was a TIDAL WAVE, that would sweep away Kodak's traditional business. Kodak could have chosen to lead the digital revolution. They could have chosen to take the billions of dollars of cash generated by their traditional chemically based systems, and redeploy in other high end technology driven businesses like digital imaging in the medical industry. No, neither choice happened. The company chose instead, to DO NOTHING. Try to maintain the status quo was the order of the day.

Now Kodak is faced with a "what do we do now" decision? It is just a question of how many years it takes before the Kodak way of doing business (chemical processing) completely evaporates. There are a number of lessons to be taken from this example of a formerly world class company going belly up because of an inappropriate business model. Among them are:

•Every company must absorb the central thesis of Clayton Christensen's two books, "The Innovator's Dilemma", and "The Innovator's Solution". Harvard professor Christensen was the individual who coined the term, disruptive technologies, or what happens when a new innovation comes in and completely blows away a company's formerly dominant technology.

•No company has the luxury of sitting on its rear end, and counting on its cash hoard to keep it in business forever.

•Theodore Levitt of Harvard always talked about "What business are you in?" You'd better make sure that you are constantly thinking about how to obsolete your own business, because your competitors are thinking about it all the time.

•Every company should have an internal team that is separate and apart from the company. The sole function of this team would be to come up with ways to destroy the company by developing better products, or better yet technologies that would obsolete the company's current technology. Xerox decades ago created Xerox PARC (the PARC stands for Palo Alto Research Center) in 1970. They intentionally put it in Palo Alto, California because they didn't want to have their thinking contaminated by the atmosphere in Rochester, NY, a dead town. The same town as Kodak's corporate headquarters by the way.

You want to talk about accomplishments; Xerox PARC came up with the mouse that we use on personal computers. They also created the graphical user interface that you use on your PC, and the basic design of the personal computer was taken from Xerox PARC by Steve Jobs. Xerox completely failed to cash in on any of these creations. The guys in Rochester were just as asleep at the switch as the guys at Kodak. There must be something about the air they breathe in Rochester that lulls them into a sense of complacency.

•Companies need to buy smaller companies who are creating the innovating technologies that will put them out of business. If they wait until the technology enters an actionable phase, it is too expensive to purchase. Examples are Yahoo and Microsoft, both of whom had an opportunity to buy Google for millions of bucks. Google now has a market cap of $150 billion, and is virtually untouchable.

Is it too late for Kodak to save itself? The answer is probably yes. Very rarely can a company in such a downward spiral find the managerial talent, and more importantly COURAGE to transform itself internally. The current management team is too interested in continuing its own benefit package and retirement benefits, to make the hard, tough, and necessary decisions to be transformative. Hopefully, other American companies, and investors can learn from the bitter story that Kodak has to teach us. Good luck.


About the Author

Information on interpersonal communication skills can be found at the Communication Techniques site.



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Wednesday, 8 September 2010

Photography Online Courses

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photography online courses
Photography courses online, with feedback?

Okay, this is going to sound like the most stupid question ever, since this probably doesn't exist. Anyway, I'm in high school, but am starting to take photography seriously. I would like to know if there are any online courses for which you get feedback, assignments, etc. online, and here's the part that will make this question probably have no answer: are there any that are free? Or like any online mentors or something? I need someone who can teach me but don't have the money for it. Thanks for your time!


As I know, this site has top listing of such college courses online - schools.iblogger.org


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Wednesday, 4 August 2010

Photography Courses

1
photography courses
Universities that offer photography courses without a foundation or diploma course in London?

I want to study photography in a London university, I have a GCSE in art, and a a-level in art and photography which universities would accept this?


The University of East London doesn't require a foundation year for a photography degree, as far as I know. There are many others as well. You can check out the entrance requirements for photography for other London Universities here...http://search.ucas.com/cgi-bin/hsrun/search/search/StateId/QA_4oGnGaLyJqPFXueKqyEiZCk5PC-U5Jw/HAHTpage/search.HsSearch.submitForm?txtSubject=photography&cmbQual=&cmbAttend=&cmbInst=&listRegion=GL&button1.x=26&button1.y=15


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Thursday, 29 July 2010

Digital Photography Degree

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digital photography degree

Online Photography Degree Programs - Surpass The Competition

Photographers currently hold over 150,000 jobs. Many of them are extremely talented individuals who have no formal training. But in a field that is getting increasingly competitive, more and more aspiring photographers are doing online photography degree programs.

Whilst there are no replacements for artistic talent, creativity and good hand-to-eye coordination, these degree programs offer curricula that can give you the edge in your pursuit of a professional photography career.

Example of courses offered include:

* Advanced Digital Imaging
* Art of Web Designing
* Color Photography
* Computer Imaging
* Intermediate Photography
* Photojournalism

You see, with digital technology getting more affordable, more and more amateur photographers are "throwing their hats in the ring". This is why it is so important to consider doing an online photography degree. After graduation, you'll be able to offer client creativity and skills that not all working photographers have.

Also, bear in mind that this degree program can open up more job opportunities for you. Sure, just over 50% of photographers are self-employed. But there are also excellent opportunities elsewhere. Both online and print journals, newspapers and magazines hire skilled photographers - many of whom have degrees.

Having a degree in this area will make you very attractive to these employers. Another great thing about an online photography degree program is that you'll be able to complete the program in your spare-time and at your own pace. So whilst you are working and gaining valuable experience, you can be improving your education.

This is a very powerful benefit because many students have to choose between keeping their jobs and going to college - but you won't have that dilemma.

The growth in employment opportunities for photographers over the next decade is not that strong. So if this is a field you really are passionate about - do yourself a favor and get additional training. Your only problem might be trying to locate the top schools that offer online photography degree programs.


About the Author

Next, go here to find the top online photography degree programs in the country. Visit:
http://www.DistanceLearningDegrees.org



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Monday, 12 July 2010

Photography Courses Online

1
photography courses online

Take A Photography Course Online And Jump On Board The Digital Bandwagon!

What do you see when you look at the photographs you have taken with your Digital Camera? Shots that are alright, but you would cringe if you had to share them with a wider audience? Or images that are so superbly stunning that they are crying out to be mounted, framed, and hung for all to see? Believe it or not, the gap between the two is not as wide as you may think, and taking a photography course online could be the way to get you there.


Back in the days of film photography, moving up to a decent standard really did require a quantum leap. There were certainly plenty of keen amateurs around, but to get to a standard where your photos competed with professional images entailed a lengthy and difficult training process.


Nowadays, digital has opened the arena to many who may never have previously moved forward. The fact that you can immediately see the results of your actions (merely by viewing the image you have just taken) means you can much more readily learn from your mistakes, and take steps to improve.


Additionally, post-production tools such as PhotoShop have added a second dimension which most photographers would never have had access to. This 'digital darkroom' adds another creative string to the photographer's bow. The important thing to remember, though, is that it is still as important as ever to attempt to get the best photograph as possible 'in camera', then use PhotoShop to enhance, rather than repair, your image.


So, a photography course online these days is an affordable, yet powerful, tool in which to bring about swift improvement to your skills. There are products available that can bring about significant progress within just 2 weeks.


The beauty of these products are, that by providing these in a downloadable format, the vendor can provide it to the student at an easily affordable price, simply because of the low overheads involved.


This format can also be much more helpful than a normal printed book, for example. In some cases, the teacher behind the course will provide a series of additional elements to further enhance the training. These can include 'how to' videos, demonstrating step by step camera instruction in a variety of situations. Or even one to one feedback and support, giving appraisals of photos submitted, and suggestions for improvement.


In this way, taking a photography course online is suited to those who want the convenience of learning when they want, at the speed they want, without the feeling of isolation learning from a book alone can give.


About the Author

Discover how easy it is to take memorable photographs simply by following a
photography course online
. Please check out
http://www.photographycourseonline.info
for further information.

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Thursday, 8 July 2010

Cursos Fotografia Profesional

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cursos fotografia profesional

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Sunday, 16 May 2010

Photography Courses Online

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photography courses online
Canon Rebel Digital camera, any online photography courses?

I just purchased a Digital Rebel and wondered if anyone knew of anywhere online I could take a course or tutorial on how to get the most out of it and all its features.


http://images.photoworkshop.com/rebelxtlessons/interface.html has a nice on-line tutorial for the eos rebel. On-line courses tend to be more skewed towards specific types of photography than specific brands of equipment.


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Wednesday, 14 April 2010

Photography Courses Uk

1
photography courses uk

Study in UK—the ultimate destination of information

Whether you are interested in doing MBA in UK, or your aim is to do hotel management courses in some university of UK, you need not to concern because now, through the guide of "studyinuk", you can have access to even most intricate detail of each reputed university within just one click. Whether you want help in knowing about admission procedure, or about application, this guide is ultimate answer for all your queries regarding study in uk. Moreover, this hub also makes you aware of the current news related to Study in UK as well.




 




Here in "studyinuk" you can have access to all novel and available courses in the universities of UK. For instance, if you want to have admission in MBA course, you can have acknowledgement about almost all main universities of UK who offer MBA program from just one website. Even you will also be guided about the admission procedure along with LORs, SOPs, experience letters, resumes, reference letters, and English expertise letter facilities as well. It means you can also know about how to learn and earn at the same time while living and having study in uk.




 




There are ample categories about which you can easily know on this platform. These categories involve animation courses, architecture, art and design school, BA fashion, B.ED, BBA, computer animation in 3D, Broadcasting courses, BSC in animation, BSC in computer networking, mechanical engineering, nursing, CFA, computer science, construction managing, corporate training, language, fashion designing, beauty therapies, spa courses, forensic science, financial management, graphic designing, health and care, hotel management, internet marketing, journalism, M.Pharm, MIB, Mass communication, international business, public health, every type of MBA, MSC in physiotherapy, MSC in computer and information technology, photography, PHP programming courses, Sports education, culture courses, traveling and tourism courses, pharmacy courses and many more. Additionally, you can also get acquaintance about the latest change and the job availability in UK as well.




 




There is ample information about the universities of every city such as Wales and London in this hub as well. Along with the acknowledgement of universities, their admission processes, and their fees, there is information about how to get a job while learning. Moreover, you can ask any question by sending a message to the team of "studyinuk" who will solve your problem within minimum time.




 




Apart from information about universities and services, here the individual is facilitated with the latest news as well as tips to study in an appropriate way in UK. Sometimes, it is very difficult to comprehend and adjust in a new environment but here in this guide, the individual will be given a thorough description about how to live and study in UK


About the Author

you can also know about how to learn and earn at the same time while living and having study in uk. this guide is ultimate answer for all your queries regarding study in uk




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Sunday, 11 April 2010

Digital Photography Courses Essex

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digital photography courses essex
What colleges [UK/Essex] teach photo manipulation or anything like that i.e. Photoshop?

Yes, I want to take a college course in editing photography or taking photographs [digital art] then editing them, posters, flyer's, anything like that's... I'm over twenty so i'm aware i'll have to pay for it, but if you can guide me in the right direction or tell me were to look, i'll be internally grateful. Thanks.


HRC was always good (Ware /Broxbourne)

the best site to find courses is always Floodlight


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Thursday, 25 March 2010

Digital Photography Syllabus

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digital photography syllabus

Learning A Different Kind Of Visual Art

Aside from paintings, photographs have been considered as one of the most interesting visual means of communication there is.

As times pass by, those who were not endowed with the natural knack for drawing or painting were able to shift their "eye for the beautiful" using not brushes and paints but a camera-an apparatus that records images on photographic negatives called "film".

PHOTOGRAPHY CLASS BASICS

After discovering the beauty of photography, more and more people became interested in the craft, devoted their time in discovering and rediscovering its major components, and became self-taught photographers.

Since not everyone does not have enough time and will to learn everything on their own, they often resort to attending photography classes to gain or improve their knowledge in the craft.

But before enrolling into any photography class, you must decide first what kind of photography you would want to explore and things you can expect from that class.

These are the usual things you can learn in a photography class:

- The Camera. Essentially, a camera is a light-tight box containing a piece of light-sensitive material-either film or digital sensor-inside it. The "box" has a hole (lens) to allow light to enter, a viewfinder and a shutter.

Usually, two types of cameras are being introduced to the students during a photography class: the SLR (Single-Lens Reflex) or manual and the Digital Camera. While SLR cameras require the use of rolls of film, manual loading and rewinding, and manual photo processing, digital cameras use a digital memory car, which allows larger image storing and can be processed/ manipulated through the use of computer.

- Photography terms and other equipment basics such as shutter speeds that define the length of time the film is exposed to light, aperture which refers to the opening of the lens, kinds of films and film speeds rated by ISO numbers, batteries either alkaline or lithium, tripod or monopods used for camera support, F-stops or depth of field which refers to the distance between the nearest and farthest points that appear in sharp focus, the significance of camera meters, and lenses which are used to gather and focus light rays to form an image and its various kinds with basic explanation and application of focal lengths, tele-extenders, filters, flash and etc.

- Photography theories and application.
- Outdoor and indoor activities are also expected.
- Styles and tips in shooting different photographs like framing and composing the subject, and what to photograph are taught.
- Camera health, protection, and caring tips.
- You can also learn how to publish your photos as well as your money and photo rights.

If you're planning to enroll in a photography class, make sure that you peruse the syllabus or course outline so you can come up with a list of expectations. You may also ask people who have enrolled in photography classes before and ask about their experience so you'll have an idea what goes on.

Online photography classes are available in the Internet if you opt not to attend a regular photography class.


About the Author

This content is provided by Low Jeremy. It may be used only in its entirety with all links included. For more information on photography & other useful information, please visit
http://photography.articlekeep.com

Ocean Optics UK - UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAPHY STAGE









digital photography syllabus5
digital photography syllabus5

Sunday, 14 March 2010

Digital Photography Course London

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digital photography course london
How do I change careers - to get into online Graphic Design from Marketing?

I'm 25 - I've did art and photography up until age 18. I'd now like to move into Graphic Design (mainly online - but like to know some print skills too.)


I'm thinking of taking a year out to do a course in London - can anyone give me any tips or recommend a course? I thought that this one looked pretty good:
http://www.lcc.arts.ac.uk/courses/graphic_design/diploma_digital_design.htm


I'm open to all suggestions - really appreciate your help with this!


hi darling, here are the things you need to take into consideration:
1. design is physically consuming, it will hurt your neck and shoulder terribly in a long run, and you may risk of long term disability
2. designer are not paid very well, you will need to expect £18k - £20k as a BA graphic design graduate, and after 4 years in the industry, if you are lucky, you'll get paid around £35k.
3. after become a senior designer, lots of people wants to move away from design to product manager, project manager, design manager for the above 2 reasons, so you may want to reconsider this change
4. think carefully whether you want to do a creative job, or you want to do a visually creative job, sometimes maybe you want to be a copywriter - they are extremely creative people and contribute an awful lot to creative ideas, but you may think the only creative job is art director.
5. also think about who do you want to work for, what kind of work would interest you, and find out what is the salary like for this kind of job and then see if you still wants to do it
6. the course you picked sounds really good, and it fits in with your situation perfectly, but i wouldn't quite your current job, ask them that you want to work 3 days a week, or take a sabbatical year. don't give up your current job for this course.


NEW MyArtsLab for London/Stone, A Short Course in Digital Photography 2/e









digital photography course london5
digital photography course london5

Thursday, 21 January 2010

Digital Photography Classes Nyc

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digital photography classes nyc

Incredible Art centers of NYC

In New York City one can always learn what he wants to. There are so many options here that without proper guidance one often gets stuck about which opportunity to avail. New York City has incredible institutes with the best and finest of artists to teach you various forms of art. New York City has a plethora of art studios, workshops, Museums, galleries, live music, dance and theater performances and much more for the artist in you to seek inspiration and explore various facets of art.




The article highlights some of the most popular of these art centers in New York City for you to make your selection much easier.




Visit Teaching Studios of Art in New York City near Long Island and Brooklyn to take Adult Painting Classes. The studio delivers pure classical painting lessons with special focus on figure drawing, classical drawing, painting, color study and theory. They run a number of excellent & effective workshops such as the Alla Prima Portrait, Art of Pastels and Portfolio Development.




Join pottery classes at La Mano Pottery and earn yourself a skill and enjoy being creatively unique for the rest of yourself! The place is the best to learn pottery and ceramics classes. Located in the heart of New York City, La Mano Pottery offers hand-building classes as well.
Take the best sewing classes of New York City at the Sewing Studio, with fair charges and the best facilities. The institute accommodates beginners, kids and advanced students.  
If you want to be the best photographer, then enroll in photography classes at Digital Photo Academy in New York City. The house offers the most refined workshops with special focus on techniques such as composition, Photoshop, lighting, and ink. Every individual has a special talent and DPA just works to bring that out!




Earn bachelor and master degree from International Academy of Design & Technology in graphic design and visual communications. Other renowned centers to gain useful and most career building art degrees of New York City include Briarcliffe College - Bethpage Campus, Sanford-Brown Institute – Melville, Tisch School of the Arts, Gallatin School of Individualized Study and many more.


About the Author

This unique article by anna lily the staff writer forNewyorkTotal.Com.A website dedicated to provide you information about the Incredible Art centers ofNew York City




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New York City Street Photography Workshop 2011. John Free









digital photography classes nyc5
digital photography classes nyc5
digital photography classes nyc5